Techniques

Teachers use a range of techniques in the classroom to engage, communicate and connect with their class. Some are taught and some are intuitive. In some schools and classrooms teachers are lucky to benefit from support but in others, they’re not. Our teacher training philosophy advocates the ‘big four’ teaching skills as core to successful teaching. 

As part of that we train teachers to use a range of associated teaching techniques including.

Check for understanding

• This might sound simple but it’s not often done. We train teachers to collect information about pupils’ understanding throughout the lesson and make adjustments to their feedback on the basis of their interpretation of that information. It can take many forms and the idea is to discover while interacting and circulating in the classroom what the common misconceptions are, and then adjust feedback accordingly.

Wait time

• On average a teacher will wait less than one second after asking a question before calling on a pupil to give an answer. Bridge trains teachers to wait 3-4 seconds. This gives pupils precious ‘thinking time,’ which we call ‘Wait time’. This is a simple technique with extraordinary results; pupils are more willing to participate and risk making a mistake.

Circulation

• Circulation emphasises the need to move around the classroom and ‘check in’ (verbally and nonverbally) with every pupil. It’s extremely important for teachers to check in on pupils during independent and group work. There is a significant difference in learning between a teacher reaching fifteen groups of pupils versus reaching zero in an independent practice session. By circulating, a teacher maximises their reach. Circulation as a core classroom practice also reminds the teacher that the act of teaching is not primarily at the front of the class, speaking in front of or writing on a board—as is often the case in low and middle-income countries. It’s being with pupils, observing and engaging with their own productive struggle to learn that matters.

Error analysis

• This involves looking for the commonly occurring misconceptions or patterns of misunderstanding in a pupils’ piece of work. By understanding the precise nature of a common error, the teacher is better able to give feedback to a pupil or group of pupils. It helps teachers consider themselves responsible for pupil performance and understanding as well as encouraging pupils to understand the ‘why,’ not the ‘what‘ in a lesson.

Scan

• This trains teachers to pause, look around the room and pay attention to what children are doing in order to ensure all pupils are engaged in the lesson. This technique helps keep all pupils’ on task during a lesson and as a result, teachers are more in tune with the class as they deliver that lesson.

Cold calling

• Pupil engagement in a lesson is key to learning. The idea of cold calling is simple: teachers use a cold call to call on any pupil, at any time. A core feature of it is unpredictability—because the teacher can call on anyone at any time. A cold call approach ensures that pupils’ should always be ready to share their questions, thoughts and ideas. It helps create a more inclusive classroom as it ensures that everyone is part conversation.

Narrate the positive

• Praise. It’s all about praise. Training teachers to name a pupil and highlight their good behaviour—or answer—works on the basis that a positive reinforcement toward one child inspires others. By attention, by name, being given only to positive and desirable behaviours, all pupils clearly understand the types of behaviours expected if positive attention is to be received.
• These highlighted teaching techniques are specific, actionable and clear. They help teachers create a pupil-centred classroom and are positively associated with impact on learning outcomes. The techniques practised in synergy support teachers to excel.